The year is 1830, and there is a bill before the US Congress that would provide funds to move all indigenous people now living east of the Mississippi River to “Indian Territory” (current-day Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi. Congress has decided to hold hearings on this bill, and various groups have been invited to give testimony and question other individuals in attendance. Eighth grade Humanities students were assigned to embody and testify as members of the Andrew Jackson Administration, Cherokees, Plantation Owners and Farmers, Black Seminoles, or Missionaries and Northern Reformers. Within their groups, they planned their presentations and considered why or why not they supported the Indian Removal Bill and what they would do if it were passed. Representatives were able to visit with other groups to pose questions, negotiate, and build alliances. When it was time to begin the hearing, each delegation provided their testimony and then engaged in questioning and cross-examination. The conversation was dynamic, impassioned, and challenging as students considered others’ motivations. Following the simulation, students speculated about what happened in real life and why, and analyzed the actual vote in Congress. These findings will help inform our understanding about the growing tensions between the northern and southern states.